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Statistics for Everyday Data

Interpret averages, rates and relationships without overlooking outliers or misleading comparisons.

3 reading lessons · about 30 min ·written by MTT

The idea

The mean is the total divided by the number of observations; the median is the middle ordered value, or the mean of the two middle values for an even count. Extreme observations can move the mean substantially. Always consider spread and the sample size as well as a single center value, and do not discard an outlier simply because it is inconvenient.

Worked example

For five fictional delivery times of 2, 3, 3, 4 and 18 days, the mean is 6 days and the median is 3 days. The 18-day observation deserves investigation, but excluding it needs a documented reason. Reporting only the median would also hide the long delay experienced by one customer.

Try it

Calculate the mean, median and range of 4, 5, 5, 6 and 20 minutes. Then calculate the mean without 20 and describe what changed. Write a two-sentence summary that includes the sample size and the unusually long wait without assuming it is an error.

Lesson 1 of 3 · About 10 min

Describe the center and spread

Check your understanding

Course quiz

Finish the course to unlock the quiz

Complete all 3 lessons and 5 questions open up here. You have 3 to go.

What you will learn

  • Compare mean and median
  • Calculate rates with explicit denominators
  • Distinguish association from causal evidence

Before you start

Prerequisites
Basic arithmetic. A calculator and a notebook are sufficient.
Cost
Free introductory reading lessons, exercises and quiz. Optional third-party tools, hosting or AI subscriptions may cost money.

Original introductory lessons and assessment by Master the Trick. Estimated times include the suggested exercises.